The Role of Mirror Dichroic in Tandem Solar Cell GaAs/Si

The good choice of the mirror dichroic between two solar cells was key to the development of the first two-terminal monolithic, multi-junction solar cell. In this paper describes a simulation for mirror dichroic between the first cell (GaAs) and second cell (Si ). In the simulation, Spectrum of the mirror Issued to first cell is changed the 0.3 ?m to0.6 ?m and the rest of the spectrum turns to the second cell. the By varying the mirror dichroic was demonstrate in the form of current-voltage(I-V) characteristics and quantum efficiency (QE). Keywords: multi-junction, mirror dichroic, quantum efficiency

Four-qubit systems and dyonic black Hole-Black branes in superstring theory

Using dyonic solutions in the type IIA superstring theory on Calabi-Yau (CY) manifolds, we reconsider the study of black objects and quantum information theory using string/string duality in six dimensions. Concretely, we relate four-qubits with a stringy quaternionic moduli space of type IIA compactification associated with a dyonic black solution formed by black holes (BHs) and black 2-branes (B2B) carrying eight electric charges and eight magnetic charges. This connection is made by associating the cohomology classes of the heterotic superstring on T4 to four-qubit states. These states are interpreted in terms of such dyonic charges resulting from the quaternionic symmetric space SO(4, 4) SO(4)×SO(4) corresponding to a N = 4 sigma model superpotential in two dimensions. The superpotential is considered as a functional depending on four quaternionic fields mapped to a class of Clifford algebras denoted as Cl0, 4. A link between such an algebra and the cohomology classes of T4 in heterotic superstring theory is also given

Seismic Retrofitting Using Micropile Systems Centrifugal Model Studies

A series of centrifuge tests were conducted on micropile group and network systems in order to investigate the response to earthquake loading and soil-micropile interaction behavior. Model tests on group and network systems embedded in loose to medium dry sand are described. Micropile bending moment, deflection, and acceleration were measured during testing. Dynamic p-y curves were derived from the measurements for low and high levels of shaking and were compared with the backbone p-y curves for sand recommended by API and other published data. Group and network effects were investigated for different configurations and at different levels of loading. For the selected frequency of excitation, the results indicate a positive group effect increasing with the number of piles and the batter angle. This paper describes the experimental procedures used to carry out the centrifugal model tests and summarizes the main preliminary results

Electron irradiation induced reduction of the permittivity in chalcogenide glass (As2S3) thin film

We investigate the effect of electron beam irradiation on the dielectric properties of As2S3 Chalcogenide glass. By means of low-loss Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy, we derive the permittivity function, its dispersive relation, and calculate the refractive index and absorption coefficients under the constant permeability approximation. The measured and calculated results show, to the best of our knowledge, a heretofore unseen phenomenon: the reduction in the permittivity of <40%, and consequently a modification of the refractive index follows, reducing it by 20%, hence suggesting a significant change on the optical properties of the material. The plausible physical phenomena leading to these observations are discussed in terms of the homopolar and heteropolar bond dynamics under high energy absorption.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, manuscript in preparation to send to Physical Review

Comparative Outer Membrane Protein Analysis of High and Low-Invasive Strains of Cronobacter malonaticus

are an important group of foodborne pathogens that has been linked to life-threatening infections in both infants and adults. The major infections associated with species are neonatal meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and septicaemia. There are seven species in the genus, of which only three are of clinical importance; , and . To date most studies have focussed on as it is the major species associated with neonatal infections. However, recently , in particular sequence type 7 (ST7), has been noted as being prevalent in adult infections and therefore warranting further investigation. In this study, eight strains of ST7, that had been isolated from a wide range of sources and varied in their virulence, were chosen for proteomic analysis of their outer membrane proteins (OMPs). One-dimensional gel analysis revealed a ~29 kDa size band that was only present in the highly invasive strains. Subsequent mass spectrometric analysis identified several peptides that matched the flagellin protein. The presence of flagellin protein was confirmed in 2D gel spot. Mass spectrometry analysis of total OMPs revealed that the four highly invasive strains expressed the main flagellum proteins that were absent from the four low invasive strains. These were the flagellar hook protein FlgE, flagellar hook-associated protein 1, flagellar hook-associated protein, flagellin, and flagellar hook-filament junction protein FlgL. This data indicates that flagellar proteins may have an important role in the organism's invasion properties